Developments will take place in three development cycles (micro-, meso- and macro-scale) of successive modelling, prototyping and characterisation/validation, with the aim of optimising the transport of electrons in solid spaces (electrically conductive paths), the transport of electrolytes in free spaces (pore network), and electrode surface properties (reaction interfaces), to improve electrode utilisation and maximise power output of cells.
Benefits: SPACER electrodes are expected to achieve a storage maximum power density of ca. 1 Acm-2 and energy efficiencies of well above 85-90% at relevant current densities, i.e. 20-30% higher than conventional electrodes, due to better voltage efficiencies of the electrode. The expected cost reduction is up to 50% compared to conventional electrodes, enabling the wider application of RFBs as an efficient long-duration energy storage solution.
